Plato’s and Cicero’s life and Political Ideas Essay

Between 429-347 BCE, were the time of Plato and his expanse of philosophical manners and conveyed the most profound situated political, social and scholarly considerations. His inquiries raised the cognizance of intelligent people, understudies and general individuals making them think each part of their life from new and new point of view. As said by Alfred North Whitehead, â€Å"All Western way of thinking comprises of references to Plato. † (Garvey 7) Plato was an understudy of Socrates and instructor of Aristotle, and normally in his works there is an impression of Socrates considerations and philosophies. Be that as it may, while recalling, Plato we ought not overlook Cicero, 106-43 B. C. who was himself part of a large number of the political advancements of his time. He was a scholar as well as a speaker, legal advisor and lawmaker. He laid more significance to legislative issues over way of thinking. His philosophical works came about just in the period when he had to shun himself legislative issues. Despite the fact that he was neither considered as outstanding mastermind nor we can perceive any creativity in his works yet his contemplations on different parts of reasoning applied huge impact on numerous scholars after numerous years to come. His fame rose in nineteenth century. There is no correlation among Plato and Cicero as they were both of various ages and had their own particular properties, yet on the off chance that we give profound musings into their philosophical works what we get is the thing that we call slight deviations in their considerations on Politics. Plato was conceived in Athens during 428-7 B. C. E yet there is no assurance about this date in light of the fact that as indicated by Diogenes Laertius, Plato was conceived around the same time when Pericles passed on. He was additionally viewed as six years more youthful than Socrates was and his demise came when he spent the young long periods of his life-at 84 years old. On the off chance that as per Apollodorus’ adaptation, the demise date of Plato is right then his introduction to the world date should lie between 430 or 431 yet Diogenes put his introduction to the world in 429. Diogenes further said that if Plato was the twenty years of age at the hour of Socrates murder in 399 then his time of birth ought to be 427. These years between 429-347 B. C. E is viewed as exceptionally fitting, while, Cicero was conceived on third January 106 BC in Arpinum, as Arpino today. It is a slope town arranged 100 kilometers towards south of Rome. This little Italian got Roman citizenhsip in 188 B. C. what's more, started to speak Latin as opposed to their language Volscian before they were emancipated by Romans. The osmosis of close by Italian people group into Rome laid Cicero’s future as a Roman legislator, speaker and author. Despite the fact that he had an extraordinary authority over Latin talk and structure yet Cicero could never from him heart viewed himself as a â€Å"Roman† and he knew about this reality for a mind-blowing duration. During this time of Roman history, it was considered as refined to ready to talk both the Greek and Latin dialects. In the same way as other of his counterparts, Cicero additionally got instruction in Greek rhetoricians, and their most persuasive educators of their time was likewise Greek. His insight into Greek language empowered him to interpret a considerable lot of its religious ideas into Latin tenderizing most extreme number of everyday citizens into the universe of Greek philosophical contemplations. He was so disposed towards the investigation of Greek culture and language that he would be called by different young men as â€Å"Little Greek boy†, yet it is his fixation on the Greek language that made him attached to the conventional Roman tip top. The group of Cicero had a place with the nearby class of aristocrats known as domi aristocrats, yet with no bind with the Roman senatorial class. Cicero was just associated with Gaius Marius, the most mainstream individual conceived in Arpinium. In 80 B. C. , he drove the most well known group during common war against optimates of Lucius Cornelius Sulla. Cicero’s father was a knight who might repay his own life by understanding books. His mom was Helvia who was an excellent housewife. (Clayton Online version) Plato’s was additionally lucky to be conceived in an honorable group of Athens. He was the child of Aristone and his mother’s name was Perictone. He got his epithet from the wrestler’s expansive carried build. He was relied upon to follow the family’s custom of lawmakers yet when he saw that Athens went into struggle with Sparta during Peloponnesian war, he aliented himself from governmental issues and at twenty years old, joined the School of Socrates. Socrates primary desire was to look for reality and further investigate on the issues like ideals and pity. He additionally critcised strict and political establishments however claims started to be levid against him from all corners as he was charged for undermining the psyche of young people. Plato caught the nerves of the general public everywhere and pened down his sincere perspectives followed by Apology and Crito. At the point when Socrates kicked the bucket, Plato opened his foundation in a woods which was viewed as holy to the mythical being Academus, close to Athens. The significance of Academy developed when Aristotle turned into its understudy. Space science, Mathematics, and Philosophy were the subjects educated in the Academy. Barely any long stretches of his life, Plato spent in voyaging increasing more information in different pieces of Mediterranean though rest some portion of his life was spent in Athens until he kicked the bucket in 347 B. C. Ralph Waldo Emerson, an incredible American writer, scholar, an artist and a pioneer of Transcendentalist development of the nineteenth century evoked, â€Å"Plato is theory, and reasoning, Plato, without a moment's delay the brilliance and the disgrace of humanity, since neither Saxon nor Roman have benefited to add any plan to his classes. †Ã¢â‚¬(Emerson, Spiller, Ferguson Slater and Carr 23) Plato comprehended legislative issues from the point of equity and vote based system. His point was to give the rulers the fundamental rule of what established genuine governmental issues. For Plato, legislative issues was a use of what transcendentalism and morals considered as evident. His optimal world was something which was valid, acceptable and along these lines upright. He provided for the world the best mouth bit of the investigation of human conduct and his connection with society. His â€Å"Republic† was his ideological point of view whereby he offered number of conversation starters and considered their answers in the light of different presumptions and elements of society. His fundamental inquiry originates from the light of what is acceptable and awful in their reality Why would it be advisable for us to be acceptable and why in this merciless world, underhanded are progressively cheerful and fruitful? To discover the response to this inquiry, Plato needed to welcome the entire network the Polis. At the end of the day , on the off chance that you can discover the correct bearing to shape polis which is solid then the significance to singular bliss is precluded. For Plato, equity is a base which must be frutifully picked up by realizing balance in insight, fortitude and moderation. For Plato, even a perfect state can act naturally desructive. Plato placed the view that even perfect state where all have equivalent rights could likewise be ruinous and it could be occur thusly by the extremely essential idea on which vote based system stands. Despite the fact that Republic, the Statesman, the Laws are three fundamental political exchanges of Plato, and they built up their belief systems based on what today is named as theoretical investigation as such explanation of the essential standards on which governmental issues stands and its significance. For Plato, this reasonable examination was a fundamental stage for additional basic assessment of points of view. As indicated by Plato, settling on right choices on the organization and settling on right decision among harmony and war are the two most vital introductory strides of good governmental issues. Such choices couldn't be left under the control of open just however by great speaker. Cicero’s works included fifty addresses, around thousand letters to companions and partners, among them the few of his works included explanatory hypotheses and twelve out of them are on philosophical points. These showcase incredible scholarly considerations that extend Cicero’s conviction that both the way of thinking and talk are autonomous to one another and are significant for human life and society. His takes a shot at reasoning stand observer to the logical procedures and style of Roman speech. The political way of thinking of Plato was to a great extent dependent on theories about perfect state. Despite the fact that he conceptualized his focuses by beseeching upon the city-conditions of Greece and occasions in current political situation, yet his conversations advanced to a great extent around what he and different scholarly people thought to be perfect states. The embodiment of his ideological state lied in the requirements of the man on the individual level and all in all and these necessities of the man consolidated them to work for the shared objective. The individuals that make the general public could be isolated into various classes as indicated by their specific work rules. As per Plato, in man, there are two unique spirits similarly in the general public additionally, there are three distinct classes: savants, warriors, and makers; one of which has a place with the sound spirits and the rest two have a place with the silly spirits and each class has its own specific job to satisfy. For e. g. savants run the state, warriors protect it and makers develop their aptitudes to create the materialistic merchandise required by the state. Then again, a great part of the Cicero’s political considerations followed Aristotle idea of perfect state. For Cicero, there were three primary types of government; government, privileged, and the sacred state, however he likewise accepted that there is each extent of corruption in each type of government, which rises up out of the individuals who don't have respect for the open great. Not one type of government is completely acceptable. Rather Cicero endorsed what is known as composite type of government with the standards of government, privileged and majority rules system. This type of government today is known as Common Wealth type of Government and Cicero named as the

THE HISTORY OF PUNK ROCK Essays - Punk Rock Genres,

THE HISTORY OF PUNK ROCK Underground rock is a style of music that started in 1964 in New York City at an underground club called The Dom. This little known club at the time was the impetus that began punk making a course for what it is today (History Punk). Sid Vicious of the Sex Pistols was cited saying; ?Punk was made as a solution for fatigue.? (Punk History). He sure makes them thing right; one unquestionably can not be exhausted while tuning in to underground rock. The bad-to-the-bone guitar mood, cutting bass line, and hard quick drum beat make punk music that one must move to. Underground rock is a style of music that has as of late began its rebound. Underground rock from the past has influenced a large number of the present top craftsmen and this has had a sensational effect on the present music industry. In spite of the fact that there is significant impact from past groups that doesn't mean there has not been an extensive change in the territory of underground rock itself. The Stooges are a punk band framed in New York by punk extraordinary Iggy Pop. He shaped the band in 1966 and the individuals could barely play their instruments. This didn't dishearten them seeking after their fantasy about being an extraordinary underground rock band however. They ceaselessly rehearsed until at last three years after the fact in 1969 their first collection was discharged. This was the beginning of standard (Punk History). In 1975 the punk scene moved from New York to Detroit, where it remained for the following 15 years (Punk History). Likewise in 1975 a band by the name of The Ramones framed. They discharged there first, self entitled collection in 1976. The absence of creativity is said to have been the key factor in making of the Ramones sound. They needed to return the progression to music. They brought back the 2-minute tune many discovered suggestive of early awesome (Chord Wonders). On July 4, 1976 the Romones played out their first show in London. This show dramatically affected Britain. It enlivened such incredible groups as the Sex Pistols, the Clash, the Damned, and Generation X. This was the flash that produced the British Punk free for all (Chord Wonders). English punks had the ?do it without anyone else's help? mentality, and underscored uniqueness and self-articulation. They opposed the music of the 70's and the social, financial and political atmosphere of England at that point. Yet, the region that British punks opposed the most was style. They did this to the degree that they made there own style (The Pit). The principal significant band to create in England was the Sex Pistols. They took the ametureristic style of the Ramones and included a dash of agnosticism, which means they had an anarchic sound, making a sound and a picture that is as yet the perfect in underground rock today (Greeil 34). The quick guitar musicality, now and then off key, was the principle highlight of the Sex Pistols. Consolidate that with Sid Vicious butchering the bass lines, the agnostic verses of Johnny Rotton, and a no-nonsense drum and you have what most think about the best punk band ever. Rotton, lead vocalist, and Vicious are viewed as two of the ?record-breaking extraordinary punks?, contributing both musically and elegantly to the punk scene. Horrible regularly played at gigs alcoholic or high on heroin. These tricks by Vicious earned the band more press about their offstage shenanigans then their real music execution (Chord Wonders). Another incredible punk legend, The Clash, was begun in 1978. The Clash was increasingly hopeful the Sex Pistols, yet they were no less forceful (Greil 76). They were instrumental in the improvement of the present punk groups. Groups, for example, Sublime, Operation Ivy, and Rancid are only a couple of instances of groups that base their music on the style of the Clash. The style with which the Clash play uses the ska and reggae beat making the guitar sound more shrill. This style and method is the thing that got the Clash casted a ballot best collection by Rolling Stones in 1980 (History Punk). One thing that made all punks stand apart was their design taste or should I say absence of style. Punks would wear fetishwear, servitude pants, and

Alone Time

Alone Time Im walking through a city in the Deep South today, alone but not lonely. I used to think there was something wrong with me. Throughout my twenties, I followed societal norms, doing all the things youre  supposed to do to be a normal, functioning member of society: going out with co-workers after work, spending every evening and weekend with friends, killing time with vapid small talk. Always engaged. Always on. Never alone. But this constant interaction wore me out. Often, I wasn’t pleasant to be around. It felt oddly lonely to never be alone. Then, as my twenties twilighted, I discovered I was more affable whenever I carved out time for myself. (After all, I’m an INTJ.) But dont worry, this isn’t a platitudinal reminder to “make time for yourself”; rather, it’s a reminder to embrace your individualismâ€"your personality. Today, I spend copious amounts of time by myself; in fact, I don’t know anyone who spends more time alone than me. At least 80% of my time is spent solo: walking, writing, exercising, reading, ruminating. In the process, I’ve learned to enjoy the sound of silence: to sit quietly and hear what’s going on not just around me, but inside myself. Yet the greatest benefit of prolonged solitude is that when I do decide to immerse myself in social situationsâ€"be it dinner with friends, a date, or on tourâ€"I’m pretty awesome to be around. Not only do I benefit from my alone time, but everyone around me benefits, too: we all get the best version of me. I’m able to burst into social situations with stored energy, which actually makes most people believe I’m an extrovert since I’m able to engage at a  high level and employ active listening, humor, and intellectually stimulating conversation. I don’t, however, recommend more alone time, or more social time, to anyone: life is not one-size-fits-all, so what works for me may not work for you. Take Ryan,  for example: as an  ENFP,  his personality is nearly the obverse of mineâ€"he spends more time around people than anyone I know. He’s the life of the party: naturally charismatic, funny, and likable. By nature, always on. As an extrovert he actually gets his energy from other people, and time alone exhausts him. But classifying his approach, or my approach, as right or wrong misses the point. Both  can be rightâ€"or wrongâ€"depending on your personality, which is, of course, a continuum: even I, and my introverted ways, would hate to be sentenced to perpetual solitary confinement. Just as Ryan, and his charming extroversion, occasionally needs a break from his socialite lifestyle. Ultimately, whether introvert or extrovert, man or woman, young or old, I  recommend learning more about yourself:  once you better know yourself, you can grow by easing into your discomfort zone. If youd like to take it, I found this free, attenuated online version of the  Myers-Briggs Type Indicator test.

New Zealands Agriculture - 1086 Words

It is safe to say that New Zealand is largely a farming nation since farming makes up a high percentage of the countrys export earnings. The countrys climate ranges from regions in the north that are considered warm subtropical, to cool and temperate in the south. These diverse areas allow for numerous kinds of farming which are vital to New Zealands economy. All over the country there are deer, llama, ostrich, goat, cattle and sheep farms, and though they get no subsidies from the government, they still play a large part in contributing to overseas markets with their beef, wool, dairy products, other meats, hides, venison (from deer), and goat fiber. It is said that there are about 20 times as many sheep as there are people in†¦show more content†¦It is true that if more and more greenhouse gases are expelled, the global temperature would increase (more at the poles where New Zealand isnt too far from). With a higher global temperature, this would mean the seas would be war mer which would produce more â€Å"extreme weather† (Issues and Responses, 1) for New Zealand to deal with, because of a sped up hydropogenic cycle. New Zealands agriculture would have to deal with localized flooding, droughts, high winds and vicious storms. In turn this would make for an environment more prone to disease and pest issues which is every farm’s worst nightmare. This means that the livestock which is so important to New Zealands economy could face starvation, drowning or fatal diseases while the forests could be either deprived of water, flooded, destroyed in storms, or ravaged by a pest infestation. There wouldn’t likely be any noticeable problems like these within the next decade, but perhaps within the next century. If the New Zealand climate did eventually become this extreme, the people there would sadly need to focus their economy on something other than agriculture. 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The Issues Of Male Sexuality - 2425 Words

Issues in Male Sexuality Introduction A series of themes have driven sex surveys during the twentieth century, reflecting concerns at the time and usually aimed at solving a problem of one kind or another. The relevant concerns, which have overlapped and interacted to varying degrees include concern about male masturbation, the declining birth rate, the need for good sex education to counter bad influences, the need to improve marital sex and thus improve marriage, concern that the lower social classes were having more children than the middle classes, the sexual revolution and subsequent increase in marital sex, the harmful effects of premarital sex on marriage, teenage pregnancies or sexually transmitted diseases. A well†¦show more content†¦Sexuality varies as your marriage develops. Since strong sexual attraction is generally a vital bonding component early in relations, sexual variations are every so often seen unwanted. More than a few males have sensual hardships. These problems become more common when they grow old. Such problems comprise of: erectile dysfunction, reduces or lost interest in sex, problems with ejaculation, loss of libido and low testosterone (Acton, 2013). A sexual dysfunction is a sequence that inhibits the mates or rather individual from the bodily performance. It comprises of exhilaration, orgasm, period and resolve points. There are varied sorts of sexual dysfunction: erectile dysfunction withdrawn sexual needs, and ejaculation. The dysfunction has both biological and emotional sources. Bodily causes comprise of diabetes, illness of the heart, nervous desires, and hormonal disproportions, chronic ailments like kidney failure, and drunkenness or drug abuse. Psychosomatic sources on the other hand include job connected stress, nervousness, worry about sexual presentation, erectile dysfunction and withdrawn sexual craving. Erectile dysfunction is the lack of capacity to uphold an erection that is well proper for the sexual interaction. It is produced by ailments that have an effect on the flow of blood such as nerve conditions,

Organizational Staffing Plan Part 2 Free Essays

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into the staffing process to be implemented by the coffee shop. This paper will present several key points in order to procure final loan approval. These points include the formulation of a recruitment plan and strategy, which will be used by the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The targeted communication message and delivery medium will be presented for the purpose of attracting applicants. The selection process to be used will be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this process. The types of initial and substantive assessment methods that can be used to select external candidates and how these assessments align with the staffing strategy will be discussed. And finally, the predictors which will be used to assess the KSAOs will be identified. Recruiting Plan and Implementation Strategy The coffee shop is a smaller business and does not have the staff or budget to run its own recruitment functions effectively. The recruitment strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years will be the use of an employment website. This open recruitment plan will allow the coffee shop to attract a very diverse set of applicants. The benefit of the employment website is that they will be able to provide the advertising, video advertising, pre-employment screenings, and applicant tracking (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment has been accomplished, it will be in the best interest of the coffee shop to change the strategy slightly and move towards a more targeted recruitment plan. The coffee shop will be better equipped to handle placing their own advertisements, utilizing social media, and networking from within the staff. This strategy will benefit the coffee shop because they will be able to seek specific individuals with certain, knowledge, skills, ability, and other characteristics. Creating a Communication Message Once the coffee shop moves into their more targeted recruitment plan, they will need to develop a communication message. The communication message is one of the most important aspects to attracting applicants to the available positions. It will be very important to resist the urge to make the message all inclusive. To increase accuracy, the coffee shop will need to aim for one target audience per message. This will mean that there will be multiple messages, but only one message for each position description. It will also be very important that the targeted message reaches the target audience. Therefore, it is imperative that the message convey the benefits of the position to the proper audience (Massachusetts Service Alliance [MA Service Alliance], 2013). The coffee shop is considering using the following targeted communication message for advertising the coffee server positions. Of course this message is being targeted to the nearby college students. Are you looking for a way to make some extra money? Are you looking for more than just a job? Join us in our warm, friendly coffee shop. This will be different from other jobs. You will enjoy working in our fast paced environment. You’ll have the opportunity to make great connections with our customers while providing them with quality beverages and food products. Come join our team while building relationships that will last a lifetime. We offer flexible schedules, great benefits and an environment that is truly welcoming. Selecting an Effective Communication Medium Because the coffee shop’s initial strategy is to use an employment website, the communication medium for the recruitment effort would be the internet. Utilizing the internet will enable the shop to recruit from a vast and diverse talent pool of applicants. An employment website is second only to referral as a source of new hires (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment is complete, the coffee shop will move to a different communication medium. The coffee shop will be able to utilize advertisement options such as classified ads, radio and television ads, and word of mouth. Because word of mouth is one of the most powerful methods of communicating job opportunities, the coffee shop is anticipating that the current employees will be able to ‘sell’ the coffee shop. In order to minimize advertising costs, it will benefit the coffee shop to utilize social media. Facebook, Twitter, and many other social media sites are a great way to reach out to the community. By maintaining pages on these social media sites, the coffee shop not only will be able to advertise for open positions, but they will also be able to advertise the company and draw in new customers. Selection Process Putting the right person into the right position is the goal of an effective selection process. By selecting the right applicant for each of the positions, the coffee shop will face less absenteeism and employee turnover problems. In addition, the coffee shop will also save time and money (â€Å"Selection Process,† n. d. , Para. 1. ). To begin this process it will be necessary to determine the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics (KSAOs). And then determine which KSAOs are necessary to assess the applicants. Once identified, a method to assess the KSAOs will need to be determined. The advantages of selecting the employees this way is that the coffee shop will eliminate unqualified applicants early in the process. However, the disadvantage is that it may significantly lessen the pool of applicants. This may require additional time and cost in advertising again for the positions. Selection Assessment Methods By utilizing an employment website, the coffee shop will be presented with applicants that have been prescreened. However, once the coffee shop is established and discontinues the use of an outside agency, it will need to prescreen them to determine which applicants are likely to be high performers if hired. The initial assessment begins with a review of the resume. This review will be necessary to determine if the applicant has listed any skill or experience that meets the qualification requirements. In the case of the store manager, the coffee shop will be looking for retail experience, supervisory experience, and experience analyzing financial reports. Although, a college degree in business or a closely related field may substitute for a portion of the required experience. In addition, the manager position requires a high school diploma. For the server, the experience should be reflected by customer service and cash handling experiences. Once the applicant pool has been reduced to eligible candidates, a structured interview will be conducted. This substantive assessment will be conducted by the owner of the coffee shop. The structured interview will allow for three to five questions. These same questions will be asked of each candidate and will be developed based upon the KSAOs relevant to the position. The questions should reflect the candidate’s behavioral response, either by past behavior or by potential future situations. Benchmark responses and rating scales will be developed in conjunction with the questions to allow for the most desirable evaluation. If it is determined that some of the questions are more important than others, those questions will be weighted. Predictors to Assess KSAOs As seen in the first paper presented, the KSAOs have already been presented. The coffee shop will utilize the necessary KSAOs to further assess the applicant’s knowledge and experience. For the position of store manager, some of the KSAOs that will be necessary are the ability to manage effectively in a fast-paced environment, ability to manage store operations independently, ability to manage multiple situations simultaneously, interpersonal skills, knowledge of customer service techniques, organization and planning skills, team-building skills, ability to plan and prioritize workload, and ability to handle confidential and sensitive information. For the position of coffee server, the KSAOs used in the assessments would be the ability to learn quickly, strong interpersonal skills, the ability to work as part of a team, and the ability to build relationships. In order to predict successful job performance both the resume and the results of the structured interview will be reviewed. The knowledge listed on an applicant’s resume should become highly relevant during the structured interview. The structured interview will allow the candidate to reveal verbal skills, which are necessary to successfully communicate with both fellow workers and customers. The applicants resume will reflect required abilities while the interview will appropriately assess them. Other individual characteristics may be predicted through during the interview. The candidate’s personality, which will not show in a resume, will be revealed at the structured interview. Conclusion For the coffee shop to be successful, it will need to have a recruitment plan as well as a strong strategic plan for the first three years of the business. How to cite Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2, Papers

Organizational Staffing Plan Part 2 Free Essays

The purpose of this paper is to provide additional insight into the staffing process to be implemented by the coffee shop. This paper will present several key points in order to procure final loan approval. These points include the formulation of a recruitment plan and strategy, which will be used by the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2 or any similar topic only for you Order Now The targeted communication message and delivery medium will be presented for the purpose of attracting applicants. The selection process to be used will be identified as well as the advantages and disadvantages of this process. The types of initial and substantive assessment methods that can be used to select external candidates and how these assessments align with the staffing strategy will be discussed. And finally, the predictors which will be used to assess the KSAOs will be identified. Recruiting Plan and Implementation Strategy The coffee shop is a smaller business and does not have the staff or budget to run its own recruitment functions effectively. The recruitment strategy that will be used to staff the coffee shop initially and throughout the next three years will be the use of an employment website. This open recruitment plan will allow the coffee shop to attract a very diverse set of applicants. The benefit of the employment website is that they will be able to provide the advertising, video advertising, pre-employment screenings, and applicant tracking (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment has been accomplished, it will be in the best interest of the coffee shop to change the strategy slightly and move towards a more targeted recruitment plan. The coffee shop will be better equipped to handle placing their own advertisements, utilizing social media, and networking from within the staff. This strategy will benefit the coffee shop because they will be able to seek specific individuals with certain, knowledge, skills, ability, and other characteristics. Creating a Communication Message Once the coffee shop moves into their more targeted recruitment plan, they will need to develop a communication message. The communication message is one of the most important aspects to attracting applicants to the available positions. It will be very important to resist the urge to make the message all inclusive. To increase accuracy, the coffee shop will need to aim for one target audience per message. This will mean that there will be multiple messages, but only one message for each position description. It will also be very important that the targeted message reaches the target audience. Therefore, it is imperative that the message convey the benefits of the position to the proper audience (Massachusetts Service Alliance [MA Service Alliance], 2013). The coffee shop is considering using the following targeted communication message for advertising the coffee server positions. Of course this message is being targeted to the nearby college students. Are you looking for a way to make some extra money? Are you looking for more than just a job? Join us in our warm, friendly coffee shop. This will be different from other jobs. You will enjoy working in our fast paced environment. You’ll have the opportunity to make great connections with our customers while providing them with quality beverages and food products. Come join our team while building relationships that will last a lifetime. We offer flexible schedules, great benefits and an environment that is truly welcoming. Selecting an Effective Communication Medium Because the coffee shop’s initial strategy is to use an employment website, the communication medium for the recruitment effort would be the internet. Utilizing the internet will enable the shop to recruit from a vast and diverse talent pool of applicants. An employment website is second only to referral as a source of new hires (Heneman, Judge, Kammeyer-Mueller, 2012, p. 222). Once the initial recruitment is complete, the coffee shop will move to a different communication medium. The coffee shop will be able to utilize advertisement options such as classified ads, radio and television ads, and word of mouth. Because word of mouth is one of the most powerful methods of communicating job opportunities, the coffee shop is anticipating that the current employees will be able to ‘sell’ the coffee shop. In order to minimize advertising costs, it will benefit the coffee shop to utilize social media. Facebook, Twitter, and many other social media sites are a great way to reach out to the community. By maintaining pages on these social media sites, the coffee shop not only will be able to advertise for open positions, but they will also be able to advertise the company and draw in new customers. Selection Process Putting the right person into the right position is the goal of an effective selection process. By selecting the right applicant for each of the positions, the coffee shop will face less absenteeism and employee turnover problems. In addition, the coffee shop will also save time and money (â€Å"Selection Process,† n. d. , Para. 1. ). To begin this process it will be necessary to determine the Knowledge, Skills, Abilities, and Other characteristics (KSAOs). And then determine which KSAOs are necessary to assess the applicants. Once identified, a method to assess the KSAOs will need to be determined. The advantages of selecting the employees this way is that the coffee shop will eliminate unqualified applicants early in the process. However, the disadvantage is that it may significantly lessen the pool of applicants. This may require additional time and cost in advertising again for the positions. Selection Assessment Methods By utilizing an employment website, the coffee shop will be presented with applicants that have been prescreened. However, once the coffee shop is established and discontinues the use of an outside agency, it will need to prescreen them to determine which applicants are likely to be high performers if hired. The initial assessment begins with a review of the resume. This review will be necessary to determine if the applicant has listed any skill or experience that meets the qualification requirements. In the case of the store manager, the coffee shop will be looking for retail experience, supervisory experience, and experience analyzing financial reports. Although, a college degree in business or a closely related field may substitute for a portion of the required experience. In addition, the manager position requires a high school diploma. For the server, the experience should be reflected by customer service and cash handling experiences. Once the applicant pool has been reduced to eligible candidates, a structured interview will be conducted. This substantive assessment will be conducted by the owner of the coffee shop. The structured interview will allow for three to five questions. These same questions will be asked of each candidate and will be developed based upon the KSAOs relevant to the position. The questions should reflect the candidate’s behavioral response, either by past behavior or by potential future situations. Benchmark responses and rating scales will be developed in conjunction with the questions to allow for the most desirable evaluation. If it is determined that some of the questions are more important than others, those questions will be weighted. Predictors to Assess KSAOs As seen in the first paper presented, the KSAOs have already been presented. The coffee shop will utilize the necessary KSAOs to further assess the applicant’s knowledge and experience. For the position of store manager, some of the KSAOs that will be necessary are the ability to manage effectively in a fast-paced environment, ability to manage store operations independently, ability to manage multiple situations simultaneously, interpersonal skills, knowledge of customer service techniques, organization and planning skills, team-building skills, ability to plan and prioritize workload, and ability to handle confidential and sensitive information. For the position of coffee server, the KSAOs used in the assessments would be the ability to learn quickly, strong interpersonal skills, the ability to work as part of a team, and the ability to build relationships. In order to predict successful job performance both the resume and the results of the structured interview will be reviewed. The knowledge listed on an applicant’s resume should become highly relevant during the structured interview. The structured interview will allow the candidate to reveal verbal skills, which are necessary to successfully communicate with both fellow workers and customers. The applicants resume will reflect required abilities while the interview will appropriately assess them. Other individual characteristics may be predicted through during the interview. The candidate’s personality, which will not show in a resume, will be revealed at the structured interview. Conclusion For the coffee shop to be successful, it will need to have a recruitment plan as well as a strong strategic plan for the first three years of the business. How to cite Organizational Staffing Plan: Part 2, Papers